Objectives for Test 2

Biology 1108

 

1. Discuss the history of conflict between evolution and creation

 

2. Discuss the evidences of evolution

 

3. Define the term population

 

4. Define the sexual species concept

 

5. Show how the Hardy-Weinberg equation works

 

6. What are the assumptions of the Hardy-Weinberg

 

7. Explain all the causes of microevolution (deviation from the five assumptions)

 

8. Explain how variation is introduced to the population

 

9. Explain the process of natural selection

 

10. Explain the process of genetic drift

 

11. Explain the concept of the fitness

 

12. Describe and give examples of

a. stabilizing selection

b. directional selection

c. diversifying selection

 

13. Discuss how directional selection plays a role in the evolution of resistant pests and bacteria

 

14. Explain the biological species concept

 

16. Distinguish between allopatric speciation and sympatric speciation

 

17. Show how reproductive barriers leads to speciation

 

18. Show how geographical barriers lead to speciation

 

19. Explain how new species arise by polyploidy and give examples of polyploid plants

 

20. Contrast the gradual evolution and punctuated equilibrium


 

21. Define macroevolution

 

22. Indicate the major groups of organisms that thrived during each of the geological eras

 

23. Explain how major geological events have likely influenced the course of the macroevolution including

a. continental drift

b. plate tectonic

c. mass extinctions

 

24. Define paedomorphosis and give example

 

25. Describe the environment in which life probably began on the early earth.

 

  1. How did the first cells looked like (what kind of molecules did they have, how did they eat, etc.)
  2.  
  3. Define the term hormone and distinguish between different kinds of hormones (protein and steroid)

 

  1. Identify the location and function of major endocrine glands including pituitary, adrenal, thyroid, pancreas, ovaries and testes

 

  1. Explain how hypothalamus controls the endocrine glands

 

  1. Have an understanding of two types of diabetes and how they develop

 

Review Questions (Test 2)

 

1. Dinosaurs lived during ________________ era

 

2. The era for mammals and flowering plants is called ________________

 

3. Human tail bone is an example of _________________ evidence for evolution

 

4. Same triplet DNA code in all organisms is an example of _______________ evidence for evolution

 

5. The absence of rabbits in South America is an example of ________________ evidence for evolution

 

6. The presence of gill pouches in all vertebrates is an example of ________________ evidence for evolution

 

7. __________________________ explains why coastlines of several continents are mirror images of each other

 

8. If the frequency of a dominant gene is 80%, what is the frequency of the recessive gene in the population?

 

9. The majority of fossils are embedded in _______________ rocks

 

10. Leg of a man and fin of a dolphin have similar anatomy but different function. This is an example of ___________________

 

11. The movement of alleles between populations by migration is called ________________

 

12. If the genitalia are unsuitable to one another, the reproductive isolating mechanism is called __________________- .

 

13. According to _________________ model, evolution occurred very slowly and gradually

 

14. When a tiger and a lion mate, they produce an offspring called  tiglon are often weak and unhealthy. What kind of barrier is this?

 

15. When fruit flies of two particular species are crossed in a lab, the offspring is sterile. What kind of barrier is this?

 

16. Blackjack oak grows in dry woodlands, and scrub oak grows in dry, rocky, dry areas. Pollon of one species seldom pollinate the other. What kind of barrier is this ?

 

17. A flower has 18 chromosomes. Nondisjunction occurs and diploid gametes are formed. This is called __________________ .

18. According to the _______________________ model, evolution occurs in spurts. Species evolve relatively rapidly then remain unchanged for long periods.

 

19. Define sympatric speciation.

 

20. Bullock’s oriole and the Baltimore oriole are closely related but are they the same species? How can you find out?

 

21. Why can prokaryotes adapt to changes in the environment by the means of mutation alone?

 

22. In evolutionary terms, an organism’s fitness is measured by _______________________

 

23. Southern land mass produced when Pangea broke up is called ____________________

 

24. When plates move past each other, they cause ____________________

 

25. When plates move toward each other, they cause ________________

 

26. In what era, organisms moved from water to land?

 

27. First life forms were seen in ________________ era

 

28. What evidence most strongly suggest that an impact by an asteroid may have caused the extinction of dinosaurs?

 

29. What equation is used in Hardy-Weinberg law?

 

30. _____________ provides the raw material for evolutionary change?

 

31. Inbreeding is an example of _____________________ which violates the Hardy Veinberg law.

 

32. First bacteria had what kind of nucleic acid?

 

Hormones Study Guide

 

Select the gland that secretes the following hormones:

 

  1. Insulin                                                               a. adrenal
  2. Glucagon                                                          b. pituitary
  3. Calcitonin                                                         c.  ovaries
  4. Prolactin                                                           d. Testes
  5. Luteinizing                                                        e. Pancreas
  6. Estrogen                                                           f. thyroid
  7. Epinephrine
  8. Testastrone
  9. Antidiuretic
  10. Progestrone
  11. oxytocin

 

Functions of the hormones:  choose the hormones 1-11 above that carry out following actions:

 

    1. Stimulates milk secretion by the mammary glands
    2. Promotes maleness
    3. Promotes development of breasts in females during puberty
    4. Regulates sugar intake by the cells of the body
    5. Helps regulate the amount of calcium in the blood
    6. Aids in increasing blood sugar if it falls too low
    7. Aids in decreasing body loss from the body
    8. Helps to maintain the uterus

 

1. Name the two kinds of diabetes and differentiate between them.

 

2. What is the function of the antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

 

3. What are two functions of pancreas?

 

4. The endocrine system tends to react somewhat _______________ than the nervous system.

 

5. What are the five kinds of hormones?

 

6. Explain how hypothalamus controls the endocrine system.

 

7. Name two hormones produced by the thyroid gland.

 

8. Differentiate between hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism.

 

9. Name two kind of hormones produced by the adrenal gland and what are their function?

 

10. Name the different hormones produced by the gonads.